Overview of copper

General characteristics.

Copper combines high electrical and thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance. It has good castability, easy to cut and processed with pressure in hot and cold state, It is indispensable in electrical engineering, electronics and instrumentation, is widely used in engineering and other industries. Pure copper is used not so often. Mostly from her produce alloys: brass, bronze and copper-Nickel alloys. to cut and processed with pressure in hot and cold state, It is indispensable in electrical engineering, electronics and instrumentation, is widely used in engineering and other industries.

The percentage grades of copper GOST 859−66.
Mark	The contents copper (not less than)	The proportion of impurities (not more) is given in thousandths процента10— 3%
		Bi	Sb	As	Fe	Ni	Pb	Sn	S	O2	Zn	P	Ag	Just
M00	99,99	0, 5	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	-	1	1	-	10
M0	99,95	1	2	2	4	2	4	2	4	20	4	2	3	50
M0b	Of 99.97	1	2	2	4	2	4	2	4	1	3	2	3	30
Ml	99,90	1	2	2	5	2	5	2	5	50	5	-	3	100
Mlp	99,90	1	2	2	5	2	5	2	5	10	5	40	3	100
M2	99,70	2	5	10	50	200	10	50	10	70	-	-	-	300
M2r	99,70	2	5	10	50	200	10	50	10	10	-	40	-	300
MZ	A 99.50	3	50	10	50	200	50	50	10	80	-	-	-	500
MWR	A 99.50	3	50	50	50	200	30	50	10	10	-	40	-	500
M4	99,0	5	200	200	100	-	300	-	20	150	-	-	-	1000
AMF	Basis	1	2	2	5	2	5	2	5	50	5	30−160	3	100

Production

During melting, the copper absorbs oxygen to form cuprous oxide which reduces the conductivity and ductility and may cause the «hydrogen disease». During the subsequent heating in hydrogen Cu₂ O, it forms cracks and bubbles, reducing the strength and ductility, as hydrogen at a high temperature combines with oxygen with the formation of water vapor, which split the metal. To protect the copper from oxidation, or it is melted under a layer of charcoal, or in the atmosphere of inert gases or in vacuum. If you want to produce the deoxidation of liquid copper. One of the most convenient deoxidizers — phosphorus (0,01−0,05% District). The melt of copper must also be protected from saturation and sulfur, which impair its mechanical properties.

Use

According to GOST 859−66 produce dozens of different brands of copper in the form of ingots forgings, sheets, strips, ribbons, rods, tubes, wire, cathodes, vierboom, Copper — good material for shaped castings, it is widely used for corrosion resistant coatings. For electrolysis is often used anodes from the copper AMP (GOST 767−70). The addition of phosphorus to the copper promotes better dissolution of the anodes during electrolysis.

Welding

Good thermal and electrical conductivity of copper hinder its electric welding spot or roller. Thin copper parts can be welded with tungsten or molybdenum electrode. Pre-tinning makes it easier to weld. In the presence of large power transformers better than butt welding. Items thicker than 2 mm can be welded acetylenedicarbonic welding, protecting them from oxidation and contamination. The best way to connect copper — brazing of hard and soft solders.

Cold treatment

Copper is easily stamped, but we should not forget that in the annealed condition it is inherent in a pronounced anisotropy of mechanical properties, leading to the formation of festoons during deep drawing. Therefore, leaf (tape) copper should be prepared by special technology. Fine cutting soft copper is difficult because of its high viscosity. For the cut parts should be used nagaremono (solid) copper.

Hydrogen disease

According to GOST 15471−70 determine the tendency to «hydrogen disease» annealed copper plates (40 min. at 825−875°C) in hydrogen, followed by inspection and test of inflection. Reglamentary strength flat steel bending GOST 14019−68and tensile 11701−66 GOST and GOST 1497−73. The strength of the wire to bend reglamentary GOST 1579−63and tensile GOST 10446−63.

To buy, price

The company «Electrocentury-steel» sells copper and copper alloys at the best price. It is based bets on the London stock exchange non-ferrous metals and depends on technological features of production without the inclusion of additional costs. All products have a quality certificate for compliance with standards. Here you can buy wholesale the most diverse products for large-scale production. Wide range, comprehensive advice from our managers, reasonable prices and timely delivery define the face of our company. Find us easily on the Internet at evek.org. For wholesale purchases there is a flexible system of discounts.